Personnel

 

Faculty:

Dr. Martin A. Uman, Distinguished Professor, Co-Director of the ICLRT, uman@ece.ufl.edu

Dr. Vladimir A. Rakov, Professor, Co-Director of the ICLRT, rakov@ece.ufl.oedu

Keith J. Rambo, Director of Finance and Administration, rambo@ufl.edu

Dr. Douglas M. Jordan, Senior Lecturer, jordan@ece.ufl.edu

Staff:

Michael V. Stapleton, mstap@ece.ufl.edu

Graduate Students:

Jason Jerauld, Ph.D. jjerauld@ufl.edu

Jens Schoene, Ph.D. jenss@ufl.edu

Robert Olsen, Ph.D. rco3@ufl.edu

Joseph Howard, Ph.D. ironjoe@ufl.edu

Amitabh Nag, Ph.D. amitabh@ufl.edu

Chris Biagi, Ph.D. biagi@ufl.edu

Britt Hanley, MS thursday@ufl.edu

Sandip Nallani, MS sandip_nallani@yahoo.com

Jayanth Ramamurthy, MS jay1984@ufl.edu

Wako Tuni wako@ufl.edu

Undergraduate Students:

Dustin Hill, Ph.D. gators15@ufl.edu

Back to Top

Facilities

 

The International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) at Camp Blanding, Florida

The Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida

The Lightning Research Laboratory

The International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) at Camp Blanding, Florida

In October 1994, the University of Florida and Camp Blanding Florida Army National Guard Base signed an agreement forming the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing (ICLRT) for the purpose of advancing the science and technology of lightning.  The Center occupies over 100 acres at Camp Blanding, about 45 km north-east of Gainesville, Florida.Airspace is controlled at Camp Blanding so that lightning initiation from overhead thunderclouds using the rocket-and-wire technique can be routinely performed and the resulting triggered lightning studied, in addition to the study of nearby natural lightning (an average of 5 to 6 natural lightning strikes occur on the site each summer).  In February 1995, The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) donated $1,500,000 (original value) of measurement and other equipment (including six Nicolet digitizing oscilloscopes) to the Center.  In May 1997, the University of Florida (UF) in Gainesville donated and installed a 2500 square foot mobile home (value $40,000) to the Center in order to make available both research and living space for UF and visiting investigators.  During summers 1995 to 1999 over 40 researchers (excluding UF faculty, students and staff) from 15 countries representing 4 continents have performed experiments at the Center concerned with various aspects of atmospheric electricity, lightning, and lightning protection.  Since 2005, the ICLRT has been operated jointly by the University of Florida and the Florida Institute of Technology (FIT).  A plan view of the Center is shown in Fig. 1.More information on the Center and on the recent results of various experiments are found in the publications listed in the Publication Section below.

Back to Top

The Lightning Observatory in Gainesville, Florida

In March 1996, University of Florida constructed the five-story New Engineering Building (NEB), on the roof of which is the Lightning Observatory, which includes a glass cupola providing over an 180 degree unobstructed view of the horizon.  Lightning electric & magnetic field antennas, as well various optical equipment, has been installed on the roofs of the NEB and Benton Hall.  The Observatory is used for studying the various physical processes in natural lightning via optical and electric and magnetic field measurements in conjunction with locations of the ground strike points and other information obtained from the National Lightning Detection Network (NLDN).

Back to Top

The Lightning Research Laboratory

On the fifth floor of the NEB, beneath the observatory, is the 1800 square-foot Lightning Research Laboratory where graduate students and visiting scientists are housed and where data are analyzed.

Back to Top

Publications (1993-2006)

Articles in Reviewed Journals

2006

• "Insights into the ground attachment process of natural lightning gained from an unusual triggered-lightning flash", J. Geophys. Res., submitted, J. Jerauld, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "A current generation type return stroke model that predicts the return stroke velocity", J. Lightning Research, to be submitted, V. Cooray, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning Return Stroke Speed", J. Lightning Research, submitted, V.A. Rakov.
• "Review of three equivalent approaches for computing electromagnetic fields from an extending lightning discharge", J. Lightning Research, submitted, R. Thottappillil, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Transmission Line Model of Lightning Return Strokes Generalized to Include a Tall Grounded Strike Object and an Upward Connecting Leader", IEEE Trans. on EMC, submitted, Y. Baba, and V.A. Rakov
• "Measurements of NOx produced by rocket-triggered lightning", Geophys. Res. Lett., to be submitted, M. Rahman, V. Cooray, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, P. Liyanage, B.A. DeCarlo, J. Jerauld, and R.C. Olsen III
• "Are lightning M-components capable of initiating sprites and sprite halos?", J. Geophys. Res., submitted, S.A. Yashunin, E.A. Mareev, and V.A. Rakov
• "Equivalency of lightning return stroke models employing lumped and distributed current sources", IEEE Trans. on EMC, submitted, G. Maslowski and V.A. Rakov
• "Electromagnetic models of the lightning return stroke", J. Geophys. Res., accepted, Y. Baba, and V.A. Rakov
"Direct Lightning Strikes to Test Power Distribution Lines - Part 1: Experiment and Overall Results", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, submitted, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, A.G. Mata, C.T. Mata, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, D.M. Jordan, and G.H. Schnetzer
• "Direct Lightning Strikes to Test Power Distribution Lines - Part 2: Current Division Among Multiple Arresters and Grounds", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, submitted, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, A.G. Mata, C.T. Mata, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, D.M. Jordan, and G.H. Schnetzer
• "The relationship between the leader charge and the return stroke current - Berger's data revisited", J. Electrostatics, submitted, V. Cooray, V. Rakov, and N. Theethayi
• "Lightning-Induced Currents in Buried Coaxial Cables: A Frequency-Domain Approach and Its Validation Using Rocket-Triggered Lightning", J. Electrostatics, accepted, E. Petrache, M. Paolone, F. Rachidi, C.A. Nucci, V. Rakov, M. Uman, D. Jordan, K. Rambo, J. Jerauld, M. Nyffeler, and J. Schoene
• "Return Stroke Current Profiles and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Lightning Strikes to Tall Towers: Comparison of Engineering Models", J. Electrostatics, submitted, D. Pavanello, F. Rachidi, V.A. Rakov, C.A. Nucci, and J.L. Bermudez
• "Estimation of input energy in rocket-triggered lightning", Geophys. Res. Lett., 33, L05702, doi:10.1029/2005GL025141, V. Jayakumar, V.A. Rakov, M. Miki, M.A. Uman, G.H. Schnetzer, and K.J. Rambo.
• "A Study of the Lightning-Channel Corona Sheath", J. Geophys. Res., 2006, in press, G. Maslowski and V.A. Rakov
• "Leader/return-stroke-like processes in the initial stage of rocket-triggered lightning", J. Geophys. Res., accepted, R.C. Olsen, V.A. Rakov, D.M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, M.A. Uman, and K.J. Rambo
• "On representation of lightning return stroke as a lossy monopole antenna with inductive loading", IEEE Trans. on EMC, submitted, S. Bonyadi-ram, R. Moini, S.H.H. Sadeghi, and V.A. Rakov
• "Voltages Induced on an Overhead Wire by Lightning Strikes to a Nearby Tall Grounded Object", IEEE Trans. on EMC, Vol. 48, No. 1, February 2006, pp. 212-224, Y. Baba, and V.A. Rakov

2005

• "Comments on: Analysis of lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of lossy ground', Authors' Reply", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 47, no. 4, pp. 1026-1027, November 2005, A. Shoory, R. Moini, S.H.H. Sadeghi, and V.A. Rakov
• "An evaluation of the performance characteristics of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network in Florida using triggered lightning", J. Geophys. Res., 110, D19106, doi:10.1029/2005JD005924, 2005, J. Jerauld, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, D.M. Jordan, K.L. Cummins, and J.A. Cramer
• "Comments on: Radio frequency radiation beam pattern of lightning return strikes: A revisit to theoretical analysis' by Xuan-Min Shao, Abram R. Jacobson, and T. Joseph Fitzgerald", J. Geophys. Res., 110, D24105, doi:10.1029/2004JD005729, R. Thottappillil and V.A. Rakov
• "Lightning electromagnetic environment in the presence of a tall grounded strike object", J. Geophys. Res., 110, D09108, doi:10.1029/2004JD005505, 2005, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov
• "X-ray bursts associated with leader steps in cloud-to-ground lightning", Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L01803, doi:10.1029/2004GL021782, 2005, J.R. Dwyer, H.K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, A. Chrest, B. Wright, E. Kozak, J. Jerauld, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, D.M. Jordan, and K.J. Rambo.
• "Close electric field signatures of dart leader/return stroke sequences in rocket-triggered lightning showing residual fields", J. Geophys. Res., 110, D07205, doi:10.1029/2004JD005417, 2005, V.A. Rakov, V. Kodali, D.E. Crawford, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Oxide reduction during triggered-lightning fulgurite formation", J. Atmos. Solar-Ter. Phys., 67, 423-428, 2005, B.E. Jones, K.S. Jones, K.J. Rambo, V.A. Rakov, J. Jerauld, and M.A. Uman
• "On the use of lumped sources in lightning return stroke models", J. Geophys. Res., 110, D03101, doi: 10.1029/2004JD005202, 2005, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov
• "Analysis of lightning-radiated electromagnetic fields in the vicinity of lossy ground", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 131-145, February 2005, A. Shoory, R. Moini, S.H.H. Sadeghi, and V.A. Rakov
• "Lightning-induced disturbances in buried cables - part II: Experiment and model validation", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 509-520, Aug. 2005, M. Paolone, E. Petrache, F. Rachidi, C.A. Nucci, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, D. Jordan, K. Rambo, J. Jerauld, M. Nyffeler, and J. Schoene
• "Lightning-induced disturbances on buried cables - part I: Theory", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 498-508, Aug. 2005, E. Petrache, F. Rachidi, M. Paolone, C.A. Nucci, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman
• "On the interpretation of ground reflections observed in small-scale experiments simulating lightning strikes to towers", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 533-542, Aug. 2005, Y. Baba, and V.A. Rakov
• "On the mechanism of attenuation of current waves propagating along a vertical perfectly conducting wire above ground: application to lightning", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 521-532, Aug. 2005, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov
• "Initial stage in lightning initiated from tall objects and in rocket-triggered lightning", J. Geophys. Res., 110, D02109, doi:10.1029/2003JD004474, 2005, M. Miki, V.A. Rakov, T. Shindo, G. Diendorfer, M. Mair, F. Heidler, W. Zischank, M.A. Uman, R. Thottappillil, and D. Wang
• "A review of ten years of triggered-lightning experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida", Atmos. Res., vol. 76, issue 1-4, pp. 504-518, 2005, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and K.J. Rambo
• "Triggered-lightning properties inferred from measured currents and very close electric fields", Atmos. Res., vol. 76, issue 1-4, pp. 355-376, 2005, V. Kodali, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, J. Schoene, and J. Jerauld
• "A comparison of channel-base currents and optical signals for rocket-triggered lightning strokes", Atmos. Res., vol. 76, issue 1-4, pp. 412-422, 2005, D. Wang, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and K.J. Rambo, M.V. Stapleton

2004

• "Observed one-dimensional return stroke propagation speeds in the bottom 170 m of a rocket-triggered lightning channel", Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L16107, doi: 10.1029/2004GL020187, 2004, R.C. Olsen, D.M. Jordan, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and N. Grimes
• "A triggered lightning flash containing both negative and positive strokes", Geophys. Res. Lett., 31, L08104, doi:10.1029/2004GL019457, 2004, J. Jerauld, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, and D.M. Jordan
• "A Model to Represent Negative and Positive Lightning First Return Strokes with Connecting Leaders", J. Electrostatics, 60, 97-109, 2004, V. Cooray, R. Montano, and V. Rakov
• "On the Estimation of Lightning Peak Currents from Measured Fields Using Lightning Location Systems", J. Electrostatics, 60, 121-129, 2004, F. Rachidi, J.L. Bermudez, M. Rubinstein, and V.A. Rakov
• "Triggered Lightning Testing of an Airport Runway Lighting System", IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 46, No. 1, 2004, Mirela Bejleri, Vladimir A. Rakov, Martin A. Uman, Keith J. Rambo, Carlos T. Mata, and Mark I. Fernandez
• "Measurements of x-ray emission from rocket-triggered lightning", Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, L05118, doi:10.1029/2003GL018770, 2004, J. R. Dwyer, H. K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, B. Wright, and A. Chrest, M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, D. M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, and C. Smyth
• "A ground level gamma-ray burst observed in association with rocket-triggered lightning", Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 31, L05119, doi:10.1029/2003GL018771, 2004, J. R. Dwyer, H. K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M. A. Uman, V. A. Rakov, K. J. Rambo, D. M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, and C. Smyth

2003

• "On the Transmission Line Model for Lightning Return Stroke Representation", Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 30, No. 24, 2294, doi:10.1029/2003GL018407, 2003, Baba, Y. and V.A. Rakov.
• "Die Anfangsphase von Aufwaertsblitzen ", ETZ Elektrotech. Autom., 124(3-4), 50-55, 2003, M. Miki, T. Shindo, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, G. Diendorfer, M. Mair, F. Heidler, W. Zischank, R. Thottappillil, and D. Wang.
• "M-Component Mode of Charge Transfer to Ground in Lightning Discharges", ETZ Elektrotech. Autom., Heft 3-4, 53, 2003, V.A. Rakov.
• "Comments on the Concepts Used in Return Stroke Models Applied in Engineering Practice" (Cooray, 2003)", IEEE Trans. on EMC, IEEE Transactions on Electromagnetic Compatibility, Vol. 45, No. 3, 567, 2003, V.A. Rakov, R. Thottappillil, and J. Schoene
• "Test of the Transmission Line Model and the Traveling Current Source Model with Triggered Lightning Return Strokes at Very Close Range", J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 108, No. D23, 4737, doi:10.1029/2003JD003683, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Cutoff and Re-Establishment of Current in Rocket-Triggered Lightning", J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 108, No. D23, 4747, doi:10.1029/2003JD003694, V.A. Rakov, D.E. Crawford, V. Kodali, V.P. Idone, M.A. Uman, G.H. Schnetzer, and K.J. Rambo.
• "A Channel Base Current Model to Represent Both Negative and Positive First Return Strokes with Connecting Leaders", J. Electrostatics, submitted, V. Cooray, R. Montano, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Application of the Antenna Theory Model to a Tall Tower Struck by Lightning", J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 108, No. D17, 4542, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003398, 2003, Kordi, R. Moini, W. Janischewskyj, A.M. Hussein, V. Shostak, and V.A. Rakov
• "Return-Stroke Multiplicity of Negative Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Flashes", Journal of Applied Meteorology, Volume 42, 1455-1462, V.A. Rakov and G.R. Huffines.
• "Lightning Electric Field Intensity at High Altitudes: Inferences for Production of Elves", J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 108, No. D20, 4639, doi: 10.1029/2003JD003618, 2003, V.A. Rakov and W.G. Tuni
• "Energetic Radiation Produced by Rocket-Triggered Lightning", Science, 299, 694-697, 2003, J.R. Dwyer, M.A. Uman, H.K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, E.L. Caraway, J. Jerauld, V.A. Rakov, D.M. Jordan, K.J. Rambo, V. Corbin, and B. Wright.
• "A Review of Positive and Bipolar Lightning Discharges ", Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., June 2003, 767-775, V. A. Rakov.
• "Statistical Characteristics of the Electric and Magnetic Fields and Their Time Derivatives 15 m and 30 m from Triggered Lightning ", J. Geophys, Res, Vol. 108, No. D6, 4192, doi:10.1029/2002JD002698, 2003, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, V. Kodali, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Measurement of the Division of Lightning Return Stroke Current Among the Multiple Arresters and Grounds of a Power Distribution Line", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, Vol. 18, No. 4, 1203-1208, 2003, C.T. Mata, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, P.Diaz, R.Rey, and M.A.Uman.
• "A Review of the Interaction of Lightning with Airborne Vehicles", Progress in Aerospace Sciences, 39, 61-81, 2003, M.A. Uman and V.A. Rakov.

2002

• "Close Lightning Electromagnetic Environment for Aircraft Testing", SAE 2001 Transactions - Journal of Aerospace, pp. 312-319, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, J. Schoene, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Surges Superimposed on Continuing Currents in Lightning Discharges" , SAE 2001 Transactions - Journal of Aerospace, pp. 380-385, V.A. Rakov.
• "A Critical Review of Nonconventional Approaches to Lightning Protection", Bull. Amer. Meteorol. Soc., December 2002, 1809-1820, M.A. Uman and V.A. Rakov.
• "The Effect of Vertically-Extended Strike Object on the Distribution of Current Along the Lightning Channel", J. Geophys. Res., Vol. 107, No. D23, 4699, doi:10.1029/2002JD002119, 2002, F. Rachidi, V.A. Rakov, C.A. Nucci, and J.L. Bermudez.
• "Correlated Time Derivatives of Current, Electric Field Intensity, and Magnetic Flux Density for Triggered Lightning at 15 m ", J. Geophys. Res., 107(D13), art. no. 4160, 10.1029/2000JD000249, 2002, 11 p., M.A. Uman, J. Schoene, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Comment on "Return Stroke Transmission Line Model for Stroke Speed Near and Equal That of Light" by R. Thottappillil, J. Schoene, and M.A. Uman " by R. Thottappillil, J. Schoene, and M.A. Uman", Geophys. Res. Lett., 29(10), art. no. 1369, 10.1029/2001GL014602, 2002, 3 p., B. Kordi, R. Moini, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Electric Fields Near Triggered Lightning Channels Measured with Pockels Sensors ", J. Geophys. Res., 107(D16), 10.1029/2001JD001087, 2002, 11 p., M. Miki, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, and M.A. Uman.
• "Direct Lightning Strikes to the Lightning Protective System of a Residential Building: Triggered-Lightning Experiments ", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 17(2), 575-586, 2002, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, M.I., Fernandez, C.T. Mata, K.T. Rambo, M.V. Stapleton, and R.R. Sutil.

2001

• "Return Stroke Transmission Line Model for Stroke Speed Near and Equal that of Light", Geophys. Res. Lett., 28, 3593-3596, 2001, R. Thottappillil, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman.
• "Positive Blitzentladungen", ETZ Elektrotech. Autom., 122(5), 26-29, 2001, V.A. Rakov.
• "M-Component Mode of Charge Transfer to Ground in Lightning Discharges ", J. Geophys. Res., 106, 22,817-22,831, 2001, V.A. Rakov, D.E. Crawford, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, M.A. Uman, and R. Thottappillil.
• "The Close Lightning Electromagnetic Environment: Dart-Leader Electric Field Change Versus Distance ", J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14,909-14,917, 2001, D.E. Crawford, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, G.H. Schnetzer, K.J. Rambo, M.V. Stapleton, and R.J. Fisher.
• On Different Approaches to Calculating Lightning Electric Fields", J. Geophys. Res., 106, 14,191-14,205, 2001, R. Thottappillil and V.A. Rakov.
• "Transient Response of a Tall Object to Lightning ", IEEE Trans. on EMC, 43, 654-661, 2001, V.A. Rakov.

2000

• "Luminosity Waves in Branched Channels of Two Negative Lightning Flashes", Journal of Atmospheric Electricity, 20, 91-97, 2000, D. Wang, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "A New Lightning Return Stroke Model Based on Antenna Theory", J. Geophys. Res., 105, 29,693-29,702, 2000, R. Moini, B. Kordi, G.Z. Rafi, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Small Shelters and Safety from Lightning", Golf Course Management, 68, 104-112, 2000, R. Kithil and V. Rakov.
• "Time Derivative of the Electric Field 10, 14, and 30 m from Triggered Lightning Strokes ", J. Geophys. Res., 105, 15,577-15,595, 2000, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, G.H. Schnetzer, K.J. Rambo, D.E. Crawford, and R.J. Fisher.
• "EMTP Modeling of a Triggered-Lightning Strike to the Phase Conductor of an Overhead Distribution Line ", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, 15(4), 1175-1181, 2000, C.T. Mata, M.I. Fernandez, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.

1999

• "Lightning Makes Glass" , Journal of the Glass Art Society, pp. 45-50, 1999, V.A. Rakov.
• "Observed Leader and Return-Stroke Propagation Characteristics in the Bottom 400 m of the Rocket Triggered Lightning Channel", J. Geophys. Res., 104, 14,369-14,376, 1999, D. Wang, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Performance of MOV Arresters During Very Close, Direct Lightning Strikes to a Power Distribution System", IEEE Trans. on Power Delivery, vol. 14, No. 2, April 1999, pp. 411-418, M.I. Fernandez, K.J. Rambo, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Characterization of the Initial Stage of Negative Rocket-Triggered Lightning ", J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4213-4222, 1999, D. Wang, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, M.I. Fernandez, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, and R.J. Fisher.
• "Attachment Process in Rocket-Triggered Lightning Strokes ", J. Geophys. Res., 104, 2141-2150, 1999, D. Wang, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, D. Crawford, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, R.J. Fisher, and Z.-I. Kawasaki.

1998

• "New Insights into Lightning Processes Gained from Triggered-Lightning Experiments in Florida and Alabama", J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,117-14,130 (1998), V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, M.I. Fernandez, R.J. Fisher, G.H. Schnetzer, R. Thottappillil, A. Eybert-Berard, J.P. Berlandis, P. Lalande, A. Bonamy, P. Laroche, and A. Bondiou-Clergerie.
• "Leader Properties Determined with Triggered Lightning Techniques", J. Geophys. Res., 103, 14,109-14,115 (1998), P. Lalande, A. Bondiou-Clergerie, P. Laroche, A. Eybert-Berard, J.-P. Berlandis, B. Bador, A. Bonamy, M.A. Uman, and V.A. Rakov
• "Review and Evaluation of Lightning Return Stroke Models Including Some Aspects of Their Application", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 40, No. 4, November 1998, part II, Special Issue on Lightning, pp. 403-426, V.A. Rakov and M.A. Uman.
• "Lightning Characteristics Based on Data from the Austrian Lightning Locating System", IEEE Trans. on EMC, vol. 40, No. 4, November 1998, part II, Special Issue on Lightning, pp. 452-464, G. Diendorfer, W. Schulz, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Some Inferences on the Propagation Mechanisms of Dart Leaders and Return Strokes", J. Geophys. Res., 103, 1879-1887, 1998, V.A. Rakov.
• "Treatment of Retardation Effects in Calculating the Radiated Electromagnetic Fields from the Lightning Discharge", J. Geophys. Res., 103, 9003-9013, 1998, R. Thottappillil, M.A. Uman, and V.A. Rakov.

1997

• "Luminosity Characteristics of Dart Leaders and Return Strokes in Natural Lightning", J. Geophys. Res., 102, 22,025-22,032, 1997, D.M. Jordan, V.A. Rakov, W.H. Besley, and M.A. Uman.
• "Triggered-Lightning Experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida (1993-1995)", Trans. of IEE Japan, Special Issue on Artificial Rocket Triggered Lightning, Vol. 117-B, No. 4, 446-452, 1997, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, T.W. Vaught, M.I. Fernandez, D.J. Cordier, R.M. Chandler, R. Bernstein, and C. Golden.
• "Distribution of Charge Along the Lightning Channel: Relation to Remote Electric and Magnetic Fields and to Return-Stroke Models", J. Geophys. Res., 102, 6987-7006, 1997, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.

1996

• "Bursts of Pulses in Lightning Electromagnetic Radiation: Observations and Implications for Lightning Test Standards ", IEEE Trans. on EMC, 38, No. 2, 156-164 (1996) V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, G.R. Hoffman, M.W. Masters, and M. Brook.

1995

• "Properties of M-Components from Currents Measured at Triggered-Lightning Channel Base ", J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25,711-25,720 (1995) R. Thottappillil, J.D. Goldberg, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, R.J. Fisher, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Mechanism of the Lightning M Component ", J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25,701-25,710 (1995), V.A. Rakov, R. Thottappillil, M.A. Uman, and P.P. Barker.
• "Luminosity Characteristics of Lightning M Components ", J. Geophys. Res., 100, 25,695-25,700 (1995), D.M. Jordan, V.P. Idone, R.E. Orville, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Review of Recent Lightning Research at the University of Florida ", Elektrotechnik und Informationstechnik (Austria), 112, No.6, 262-265 (1995), V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and R. Thottappillil.
• "Characterization of Vertical Electric Fields 500 m and 30 m from Triggered Lightning ", J. Geophys. Res., 100, 863-8872 (1995), M. Rubinstein, F. Rachidi, M.A. Uman, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, and C.A. Nucci.

1994

• "Microsecond-Scale Electric Field Pulses in Cloud Lightning Discharges ", J. Geophys. Res., 99, 14,353-14,360 (1994), Y. Villanueva, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and M. Brook.
• "Review of Lightning Properties from Electric Field and TV Observations ", J. Geophys. Res., 99, 10,745-10,750 (1994), V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, R. Thottappillil.
• "Origin of Lightning Electric Field Signatures Showing Two Return-Stroke Waveforms Separated in Time by a Millisecond or Less ", J. Geophys. Res., 99, 8157-8165 (1994), V.A. Rakov and M.A. Uman.

1993

• "Parameters of Triggered Lightning Flashes in Florida and Alabama", J. Geophys. Res., 98, 22,887-22,902 (1993), R.J. Fisher, G.H. Schnetzer, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and J.D. Goldberg.
• "Data Acquired with the LLP Lightning Locating Systems" (in Russian), Meteorologiya i Gidrologiya, 7, 105-114 (1993), V.A. Rakov.

 

Other Technical Articles (including published abstracts of conference talks)

2006

• "NLDN Responses to Lightning Initiated Using the Rocket-and-Wire Technique", 2006 ILDC/ILMC, Tucson, Arizona, April 24-27, 2006, 1 p., V.A. Rakov and J.E. Jerauld.
• "Far fields at an elevation from lightning return stroke" (Abstract), First Int. Symp. on Lightning Physics and Effects, COST P18, Vienna, April 3-4, 2006, p. 21, R. Thottappillil and V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning", About Plasmas, eds. P. Rivenberg and G. Rogoff, Coalition for Plasma Science, 2006, 2 p., V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning Electric and Magnetic Fields", 17th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Singapore, February 27-March 3, 2006, Workshop Notes, pp. 20-28, V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning Currents for Engineering Applications", 17th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Singapore, February 27-March 3, 2006, Workshop Notes, pp. 1-19, A. Borghetti, G. Diendorfer, and V. Rakov.
• "Lightning-Induced Currents in Buried Coaxial Cables", AMEREM 2006, submitted, M. Paolone, E. Petrache, F. Rachidi, C.A. Nucci, V. Rakov, M. Uman D. Jordan, K. Rambo, J. Jerauld, M. Nyffeler, and J. Schoene.
• "A current generation type return stroke model that predicts the return stroke velocity", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, submitted, V. Cooray, and V.A. Rakov.
• "On the need to include ground reflections in lightning return stroke models of current generation type", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, submitted, V. Cooray, and V.A. Rakov.
• "On the electric field at the tip of dart leaders in lightning flashes", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, submitted, V. Cooray, M. Becerra, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Characterization of current pulses superimposed on the continuous current in upward lightning initiated from tall objects and in rocket-triggered lightning", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, accepted, M. Miki, T. Shindo, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, G. Diendorfer, M. Mair, F. Heidler, W. Zischank, R. Thottappillil, and D. Wang.
• "Common features of return stroke optical traveling waves and their interpretations", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, accepted, D. Wang, V.A. Rakov, N. Takagi, and T. Watanabe.
• "Effect of traveling-waves of current on the electromagnetic response of a tall Franklin rod considering various lightning return stroke models", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, accepted, E.P. Krider, S. Guerrieri, F. Napolitano, C.A. Nucci, M. Paolone, F. Rachidi, and V.A. Rakov.
• "New insights into dynamics and properties of the lightning-channel corona sheath", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, accepted, G. Maslowski and V.A. Rakov.
• "Triggered-Lightning Testing of the Protective System of a Residential Building: 2004 and 2005 Results", in Proc. 28th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Kanazawa, Japan, September 18-22, 2006, accepted, B.A. DeCarlo, V.A. Rakov, J. Jerauld, G.H. Schnetzer, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, V. Kodali, D.M. Jordan, G. Maxwell, S. Humeniuk, and M. Morgan.
• "Initiation of Lightning in Thunderclouds", in Topical Problems of Nonlinear Wave Physics, A.M. Sergeev, ed., Proc. SPIE, Vol. 5975, 2006, pp. 362-373, V.A. Rakov
• "Transmission Line Model of Lightning Return Strokes Generalized to Include a Tall Grounded Strike Object and an Upward Connecting Leader", in Proc. of the 17th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Singapore, February 27-March 3, 2006, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov.
• "The U.S. National Lightning Detection Network: Post-upgrade status" in Proc. of the 2nd Conference on Meteorological Applications of Lightning, Atlanta, Georgia (part of the 2006 AMS Annual Meeting), January 29-February 2, 2006, K.L. Cummins, J.A. Cramer, C.J. Biagi, E.P. Krider, J. Jerauld, M.A. Uman, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning Protection: History and Modern Approaches" in Proc. of the 2nd Conference on Meteorological Applications of Lightning, Atlanta, Georgia (part of the 2006 AMS Annual Meeting), January 29-February 2, 2006, Invited Paper, V.A. Rakov.

2005

• "Evaluation of the performance characteristics of lightning locating systems using rocket-triggered lightning", in Proc. of Int. Symp. on Lightning Protection (VIII SIPDA), Sao Paulo, Brazil, Nov. 21-25, 2005, 697-715, V.A. Rakov.
• "X-ray observations of natural and rocket-triggered lightning by the Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array (TERA)", Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), 2005 Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE12A-07, J. Howard, J.R. Dwyer, J. Jerauld, M.A. Uman, Z. Saleh, H.K. Rassoul, V.A. Rakov, M. Al-Dayeh, E. Caraway, L. Coleman, D. Concha, and D.M. Jordan.
• "Lightning Initiation Mechanisms: A Review and New Data on Submicrosecond "Lightning Initiation Pulses"", Eos Trans. AGU, 86(52), 2005 Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE32A-06 INVITED, V.A. Rakov and B.A. DeCarlo.
• "Influence of the Presence of a Tall Grounded Strike Object on Lightning Electromagnetic Fields", The Science and Engineering Review of Doshisha University, vol. 46, No. 3, October 2005, pp. 151-156, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov.
• "Review of Triggered-Lightning Experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida" (Abstract), 13th ICEE 2005, Zanjan, May 10-12, 2005, p. 19, V.A. Rakov.
• "Initiation of Lightning in Thunderclouds", in Proc. of Int. Symp. "Topical Problems of Nonlinear Wave Physics (NWP-2005), Plenary Talks and Workshops", St. Petersburg - Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, August 2-9, 2005, pp. 16-17, V.A. Rakov
• "X-ray emission from thunderstorms and lightning", in Proc. of Int. Symp. "Topical Problems of Nonlinear Wave Physics (NWP-2005), Nonlinear Phenomena in Environmental Research, St. Petersburg - Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, August 2-9, 2005, pp. 28-29, J.R. Dwyer, H.K. Rassoul, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, and J. Jerauld.
• "On calculating lightning-induced overvoltages in the presence of a tall strike object", in Proc. of Int. Symp. on Lightning Protection (VIII SIPDA), Sao Paulo, Brazil, Nov. 21-25, 2005, pp. 11-16, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov.
• "Recent developments in time-domain antenna theory modeling of lightning return strokes" (Abstract), XXVIIth General Assembly of URSI, New Delhi, India, October 23-29, 2005, R. Moini, S.H.H. Sadeghi, S. Bonyadi, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Calculation of lightning electromagnetic fields: A review" (Abstract), XXVIIth General Assembly of URSI, New Delhi, India, October 23-29, 2005, R. Thottappillil and V.A. Rakov.
• "Influence of the presence of a tall strike object on lightning electromagnetic fields" (Abstract), XXVIIth General Assembly of URSI, New Delhi, India, October 23-29, 2005, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov.
• "Incorporation of distributed capacitive loads in the antenna theory model of lightning return stroke", in Book of Abstracts of the 16th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, 2005, p. 6, S. Bonyadi-ram, R. Moini, S.H.H. Sadeghi, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Incorporation of distributed capacitive loads in the antenna theory model of lightning return stroke", in Proc. of the 16th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, 2005, pp. 213-218, S. Bonyadi-ram, R. Moini, S.H.H. Sadeghi, and V.A. Rakov.
2004
• "Features of Application of Image Converter Cameras for Research on Lightning and Discharges in Long Air Gaps", In Proc. of the 26th Int. Congr. on High-Speed Photography and Photonics, Alexandria, Virginia, USA, Sept. 19-24, 2004, vol. 5580, pp. 887-897, V.B. Lebedev, G.G. Feldman, B.N. Gorin, Y.V. Shcherbakov, V.S. Syssoev, V.A. Rakov.
• "Performance Validation of the 2002-2003 Upgrade of the U.S. National Lightning Detection Network", Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), 2004 Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE33A-0178, C.J.Biagi, J. Jerauld, J.A. Cramer, K.L. Cummins, E.P. Krider, K.E. Kehoe, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman
• "X-ray emission from natural and triggered lightning", Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), 2004 Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE41A-03 INVITED, J.R. Dwyer, H.K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, D.M. Jordan, and J. Jerauld
• "Runaway breakdown and thunderstorm and lightning electric fields", Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), 2004 Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE23A-0846, J.R. Dwyer, H.K. Rassoul, M. Al-Dayeh, L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, D.M. Jordan, and J. Jerauld
• "Leader/Return-Stroke-Like Processes in the Initial Stage of Rocket-Triggered Lightning", Eos Trans. AGU, 85(47), 2004 Fall Meet. Suppl., Abstract AE41A-05, R.C. Olsen, D.M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and K.J. Rambo
• "Lightning Discharge, Moderator's Report", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 54-56, V.A. Rakov
• "The relationship between the leader charge and the return stroke current - Berger's data revisited", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 145-150, V. Cooray, V. Rakov, and N. Theethayi
• "On the constraints imposed by the close electric field signature on the equivalent corona current in lightning return stroke models", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 116-121, V. Cooray, V. Rakov, C.A. Nucci, F. Rachidi, and R. Montano
• "Testing of the LIOV-EMTP96 code for computing lightning-induced currents on real distribution lines: Triggered-lightning experiments", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 286-290, M. Paolone, J. Schoene, M. Uman, V. Rakov, D. Jordan, K. Rambo, J. Jerauld, C.A. Nucci, A. Borghetti, F. Rachidi, E. Petrache
• "Experimental analysis of lightning-induced currents in buried cables", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 280-285, E. Petrache, M. Paolone, F. Rachidi, C.A. Nucci, V. Rakov, M. Uman, D. Jordan, K. Rambo, J. Jerauld, M. Nyffeler, B. Reusser, A. Cordier, and T. Verhaege
• "Return Stroke Current Profiles and Electromagnetic Fields Associated with Lightning Strikes to Tall Towers: Comparison of Engineering Models", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 128-133, D. Pavanello, F. Rachidi, V. Rakov, C.A. Nucci, and J.L. Bermudez
• "Analytical Representation of Lightning Current Waveforms Using Genetic Algorithms", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 157-162, J.L. Bermudez, C.A. Pena, F. Rachidi, F. Heidler, and V.A. Rakov
• "Lightning Return-Stroke Speed: A Review of Experimental Data", in Proc. of the 27th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Avignon, France, September 13-16, 2004, pp. 139-144, V.A. Rakov
• "Lightning flashes transporting both negative and positive charges to ground", in Proc. of the 6th International Workshop on Physics of Lightning, Sainte-Anne, Guadeloupe, France, May 3-9, 2004, 3 p., V.A. Rakov
• "What We Need to Know About Lightning and How Rocket-Triggered Lightning Experiments Can Help" in Proc. of the 18th International Lightning Detection Conference, Helsinki, Finland, June 7-9, 2004, V.A. Rakov
• "An evaluation of the performance characteristics of the NLDN using triggered lightning", in Proc. of the 18th International Lightning Detection Conference, Helsinki, Finland, June 7-9, 2004, J. Jerauld, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, D.M. Jordan, K.L. Cummins, and J.A. Cramer
• "Exact expressions in the time domain for electric and magnetic fields from an extending lightning discharge in terms of the charge density", Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium, Pisa, Italy, March 28-31, 2004, pp. 137-140, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman

2003

• "Measurement of lightning-induced currents in an experimental coaxial buried cable", IEEE PES General Meeting, Toronto, Canada, 2003, pp. 262-267, E. Petrache, M. Paolone, F. Rachidi, C.A. Nucci, V. Rakov, M. Uman, D. Jordan, K. Rambo, J. Schoene, A. Cordier, and T. Verhaege
• "New x-ray observations of triggered lightning", Eos Trans. Suppl. AGU, Vol. 84, No. 46, 2003, F210, M. Al Dayeh, J.R. Dwyer, H.K. Rassoul, E.L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, D.M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, and C. Smyth
• "New instruments for measuring x-rays from rocket-triggered lightning", Eos Trans. Suppl. AGU, Vol. 84, No. 46, 2003, F193, J.R. Dwyer, H.K. Rassoul, M. Al Dayeh, E.L. Caraway, B. Wright, A. Chrest, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, D.M. Jordan, J. Jerauld, and C. Smyth
• "Attenuation of Current Wave Propagating Along a Perfectly Conducting Wire: Application to Lightning", Eos Trans. Suppl. AGU, Vol. 84, No. 46, 2003, F194, Y. Baba and V.A. Rakov
• "Results of Rocket-Triggered Lightning Studies at Camp Blanding, Florida: An Update", Eos Trans. Suppl. AGU, Vol. 84, No. 46, 2003, F209, V.A. Rakov and M.A. Uman
• "Engineering Models of the Lightning Return Stroke", in Proc. of Int. Symp. on Lightning Protection (VII SIPDA), Curitiba, Brazil, Nov. 17-21, 2003, pp. 511-530, V.A. Rakov
• "Recent Triggered-Lightning Experiments at the ICLRT at Camp Blanding, Florida", in Proc. of Int. Symp. on Lightning Protection (VII SIPDA), Curitiba, Brazil, Nov. 17-21, 2003, pp. 144-150, V.A. Rakov, C.T. Mata, A.G. Mata, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo
• "High-Speed Optical Studies of Long Spark (Istra, Russia) and Triggered Lightning (Camp Blanding, Florida): Novel Devices and Initial Results", in Proc. Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity, Blackpool, United Kingdom, Sept. 16-19, 2003, Paper I03-9 PMY, Yu.V. Shcherbakov, V.S. Syssoev, V.B. Lebedev, B.N. Gorin, and V.A. Rakov
• "Dynamics of Streamer Zones of the Positive Leader in a Long Air Gap", in Proc. Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity, Blackpool, United Kingdom, Sept. 16-19, 2003, Paper I03-58 PMY, V.S. Syssoev, Yu.V. Shcherbakov, B.N. Gorin, V.B. Lebedev, and V.A. Rakov
• "Multiple-Station Measurements of Electric and Magnetic Fields Due to Natural Lightning", in Proc. Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity, Blackpool, United Kingdom, Sept. 16-19, 2003, Paper I03-32 LDN, 14 p., J. Jerauld, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, D.E. Crawford, B.A. DeCarlo, D.M. Jordan, K.J. Rambo, and G.H. Schnetzer
• "Development and Testing of Image Converter Cameras with Enhanced Brightness for Studying Lightning and Long Sparks", in Proc. of 5th Russian Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Vladimir, Russia, 2003, vol. 1, pp. 263-269, B.N. Gorin, M.A. Karpov, V.B. Lebedev, G.G. Feldman, V.S. Syssoev, Yu. V. Shcherbakov, and V.A. Rakov
• "A Review of Ten Years of Triggered-Lightning Experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida", in Proc. of Int. Symp. "Topical Problems of Nonlinear Wave Physics (NWP-2003), Nonlinear Phenomena in Environmental Research, Nizhny Novgorod - Moscow, Russia, Sept. 6-12, 2003, pp. 295-296, V.A. Rakov
• "Review of Triggered-Lightning Experiments at the ICLRT at Camp Blanding, Florida", in Proc. of 5th IEEE Power Tech Conference, Bologna, Italy, 2003, Paper 381, 8 p., V.A. Rakov, C.T. Mata, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, and A.G. Mata
• "A Review of Ten Years of Triggered-Lightning Experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida", in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity,Versailles, France, 523-526 (2003), V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo
• "Lightning Properties Inferred from Measurements of Very Close Electric Fields", in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, 475-478 (2003), V. Kodali, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, J. Schoene, D.E. Crawford
• "Comparison of Electromagnetic Models of Lightning Return Strokes using Current and Voltage Sources", in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, 593-596 (2003), L. Grcev, F. Rachidi, V. Rakov
• "Characterizaton of pulses superimposed on the initial continuous current of upward lightning", in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, 479-482 (2003), M. Miki, T. Shindo, A. Wada, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, G. Diendorfer, M. Mair, F. Heidler, W. Zischank, R. Thottappillil, D. Wang
• "A comparison of channel-base currents and optical signals for rocket-triggered lightning strokes", in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, 557-560 (2003), D. Wang, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, M.V. Stapleton
• "Multiple-station close electric and magnetic field and field derivative measurements from natural lightning", in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, 609-612 (2003), J. Jerauld, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, D.M. Jordan, and G.H. Schnetzer
• "Triggered Lightning Electric and Magnetic Fields at 15 and 30 m with Implications for Return Stroke Modeling", in Proc. of 12th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Versailles, France, 531-534 (2003), J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, and G.H. Schnetzer
• "Review of Triggered-Lightning Experiments at the ICLRT at Camp Blanding, Florida", in Proc. 2nd Int. Seminar on Lightning Physics and Protection in the South of Brazil, Porto Alegre, Brazil, May 9-10, 2003, V.A. Rakov
• "Close Lightning Electromagnetic Environment: Triggered-Lightning Experiments", in Proc. of the 15th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, 2003, pp. 545-550, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, D.E. Crawford, J. Schoene, J. Jerauld, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, B.A. DeCarlo, and M. Miki
• "Comparison of Lightning Return Stroke Electric Fields Predicted by the Transmission Line and Antenna Theory Models", in Proc. of the 15th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, 2003, pp. 551-556, B. Kordi, R. Moini, and V.A. Rakov.

2002

• "High-Speed Optical Studies of Long Spark (Istra, Russia) and Triggered Lightning (Camp Blanding, Florida): Initial Results", In Proc. of the Int. Congr. on High Speed Photography and Photonics, France, Sept. 29-Oct. 3, 2002, Y. V. Shcherbakov, V.B. Lebedev, V.A. Rakov, G.G. Feldman, D.I. Sukharevskij, B.N. Gorin, V.S. Syssoev, M.A. Karpov, and A.V. Senik
• "Lightning Electric Field Intensity at Lower-Ionospheric Altitudes: Inferences for the Production of Elves", Eos Trans. Suppl., AGU, Vol. 83, No. 47, Nov. 19, 2002, p. FL39, V. A. Rakov and W. G. Tuni
• "Test of the Transmission Line Model and the Traveling Current Source Model with Triggered Lightning Return Strokes at Very Close Range", Eos Trans. Suppl. AGU, Vol. 83, No. 47, Nov. 19, 2002, F101, J. Schoene, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, and G.H. Schnetzer
• "Observations of Energetic Radiation From Triggered Lightning", Eos Trans. Suppl. AGU, 2002, p. F172, J.R. Dwyer, M. Al-Dayeh, H.K. Rassoul, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, J. Jarauld, D.M. Jordan, K.J. Rambo, L. Caraway, V. Corbin, B. Wright
• "A New Instrument for Measuring Energetic Radiation From Triggered Lightning", Eos Trans. Suppl. AGU, Vol. 83, No. 47, Nov. 19, 2002, F100, M. Al-Dayeh, J.R. Dwyer, H.K. Rassoul, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, J. Jerauld, D.M. Jordan, K.J. Rambo, L. Caraway, V. Corbin, B. Wright
• "Lightning Return Stroke Modeling: Recent Developments", in Proc. of the 3rd Brazilian Workshop on Atmospheric Electricity / International Conference on Grounding and Earthing, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, November 4-7, 2002, pp. 85-96, V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning and Tall Structures", in Proc. of the International Lightning Detection Conference, Tucson, Arizona, October 16-18, 2002, 7 p. V.A. Rakov.
• "Statistical Characteristics of Lightning Discharges", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), Naples, Italy, September 22-26, 2002, pp. 677-682, V.A. Rakov.
• "Characteristics of Distant Lightning Electric Fields", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Probabilistic Methods Applied to Power Systems (PMAPS), Naples, Italy, September 22-26, 2002, pp. 703-707, A. Pavlick, D.E. Crawford, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Measurement of the Division of Lightning Return Stroke Current Among the Multiple Arresters and Grounds of a Power Distribution Line" (Abstract), IEEE Power Engineering Review, September 2002, pp. 60-61, C.T. Mata, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, P. Diaz, R. Rey, and M.A. Uman.
• "Direct Lightning Strikes to the Lightning Protective System of a Residential Building: Triggered-Lightning Experiments" (Abstract), IEEE Power Engineering Society Meeting, July 21-25, 2002, Chicago, Illinois, Vol. 1, p. 367, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, M.I., Fernandez, C.T. Mata, K.T. Rambo, M.V. Stapleton, and R.R. Sutil.
• "Characterization of the Initial Stage of Upward-Initiated Lightning", in Proc. of the 26th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Cracow, Poland, September 2-6, 2002, pp. 14-19, M. Miki, T. Shindo, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, G. Diendorfer, M. Mair, F. Heidler, W. Zischank, R. Thottappillil, and D. Wang.
• "EMTP Modeling of Direct Lightning Strikes to the Lightning Protective System of a Residential Building", in Proc. of the 26th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Cracow, Poland, September 2-6, 2002, pp. 631-636, R.R. Sutil, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Division of Lightning Current and Charge Among Multiple Arresters and Grounds of a Power Distribution Line", in Proc. of the 26th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Cracow, Poland, September 2-6, 2002, pp. 585-590, C.T. Mata, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Lightning Discharge, Moderator's Report", in Proc. of the 26th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Cracow, Poland, September 2-6, 2002, pp. 35-36, O. Farish and V. Rakov.
• "Direct Lightning Strikes to the Lightning Protective System of a Residential Building: Triggered-Lightning Experiments" (Abstract), IEEE Power Engineering Review, February 2002, p. 63, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, M.I., Fernandez, C.T. Mata, K.T. Rambo, M.V. Stapleton, and R.R. Sutil.
   

2001

• "Lightning Parameters Important for Lightning Protection", in Proc. of the VI Int. Symp. on Lightning Protection (VI SIPDA), Santos, Brazil, November 19-23, 2001, pp. 393-412, V.A. Rakov.
• "Characterization of the Initial Stage of Object-Initiated and Rocket-Triggered Lightning", (Abstract), Eos Trans. Suppl., AGU, vol. 82, No. 47, Nov. 20, 2001, p. F148, V.A. Rakov, M. Miki, T. Shindo, G. Diendorfer, M.Maier, F. Heidler, W. Zischank, R. Thottappillil, D. Wang, M. Uman, K. Rambo, and G. Schnetzer.
• "An Evaluation of the Performance Characteristics of the NLDN Using Triggered Lightning", (Abstract), Eos Trans. Suppl., AGU, vol. 82, No. 47, Nov. 20, 2001, p. F142, J.A. Cramer, M.J. Murphy, D. Crawford, V.A. Rakov, and K.L. Cummins.
• "Lightning Peak Current Distributions from Measurements on Tall Objects", in Proc. of the 2nd Int. Symp. on Winter Lightning in Hokuriku, paper PD-2, 2 p., Toyama, Japan, September 17-18, 2001, V.A. Rakov.
• "Electric Fields Near Lightning Channels Measured Using Pockels Sensors", in Proc. of the 5th Int. Workshop on Physics of Lightning, Nagoya, Japan, September 10-13, 2001, pp. 47-48, M. Miki, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, M.A. Uman.
• "Close Lightning Electromagnetic Environment for Aircraft Testing", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity, Seattle, Washington, September 10-14, 2001, paper 2880, 8 p., M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, J. Schoene, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Surges Superimposed on Continuing Currents in Lightning Discharges", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity, Seattle, Washington, September 10-14, 2001, paper 2895, 6 p., V.A. Rakov.
• "Small Shelters and Safety from Lightning", in Proc. of the Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity, Seattle, Washington, September 10-14, 2001, paper 2896, 3 p., R. Kithil and V. Rakov.
• "Close Lightning Electromagnetic Environment for Aircraft Testing", (Abstract), Aerospace Congress and Exhibition, Seattle, Washington, September 10-14, 2001, p. 86, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, J. Schoene, K.J. Rambo, J. Jerauld, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Surges Superimposed on Continuing Currents in Lightning Discharges", (Abstract), Aerospace Congress and Exhibition, Seattle, Washington, September 10-14, 2001, p. 101, V.A. Rakov.
• "Small Shelters and Safety from Lightning", (Abstract), Aerospace Congress and Exhibition, Seattle, Washington, September 10-14, 2001, p. 102, R. Kithil and V. Rakov.
• "Transient Response of a Tall Object to Lightning", in Proc. of the 2001 Int. Workshop on Electromagnetic Radiation from Lightning to Tall Structures, Toronto, Canada, August 2001, V.A. Rakov.
• "On the Computation of Electric Fields from a Lightning Discharge in Time Domain", in Proc. of the 2001 IEEE EMC Int. Symp., Montreal, Canada, August 13-17, 2001, pp. 1030-1035, R. Thottappillil and V.A. Rakov.
• "Characterization of Lightning Electromagnetic Fields and Their Modeling", in Proc. of the 14th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Supplement, Zurich, Switzerland, February 20-22, 2001, pp. 3-16, V.A. Rakov.

2000

• "Triggered-Lightning Experiments Conducted in 2000 at Camp Blanding, Florida", (Abstract), Eos Trans. Suppl., AGU, vol. 81, No. 48, Nov. 28, 2000, p. F90, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, and M. Miki.
• "Measuring Electric Fields Near the Lightning Channel Using Pockels Sensors", (Abstract), Eos Trans. Suppl., AGU, vol. 81, No. 48, Nov. 28, 2000, p. F49, M. Miki, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Lightning Protection of Structures and Personal Safety" , 2000 Int. Lightning Detection Conf., Tucson, Arizona, November 7-8, 2000, 10 p., V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning Discharge, Moderator's Report", in Proc. of the 25th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Rhodes, Greece, September 18-22, 2000, pp. 41-43, V. Rakov.
• "Lightning Properties from Triggered-Lightning Experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida (1997-1999)", in Proc. of the ", Rhodes, Greece, September 18-22, 2000, pp. 54-59, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, D. Wang, K.J. Rambo, D.E. Crawford, and G.H.Schnetzer. 25th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection
• "Triggered Lightning Testing of an Airport Runway Lighting System", in Proc. of the 25th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection , Rhodes, Greece, September 18-22, 2000, pp. 825-830, M. Bejleri, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, C.T. Mata, and M.I. Fernandez.
• "Positive and Bipolar Lightning Discharges: A Review", in Proc. of the 25th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection , Rhodes, Greece, September 18-22, 2000, pp. 103-108, V.A. Rakov.
• "Active Rods in Lightning Protection" (in Polish), in Proc. of Conf. on Power Networks (SIECI'2000), Wroclaw, 2000, K.L. Chrzan, V. Rakov, and M. Labunski.
• "Lightning Protection of Distribution Lines Using Metal Oxide Surge Arresters" (in Polish), in Proc. of Conf. on Outdoor High-Voltage Insulation (NIWE'2000), Bielsko-Biala, Poland, 2000, K.L. Chrzan, and V. Rakov.

1999

• "Some Results from Recent Experiments at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing at Camp Blanding, Florida", (Abstract), Eos Trans. Suppl., AGU, vol. 80, No. 46, Nov. 16, 1999, p. F203, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, D. Wang, K.J. Rambo, D.E. Crawford, G.H. Schnetzer, and R.J. Fisher.
• Uman, M.A."How Valid are the Estimates of Global NO Production by Atmospheric Electrical Discharges", (Abstract), Eos Trans. Suppl., AGU, vol. 80, No. 46, p. F194, Nov. 16, 1999.
• "Transient Currents and Voltages in a Power Distribution System due to Natural Lightning", in Proc. of the 1999 IEEE/PES Transmission and Distribution Conference, New Orleans, Louisiana, April 11-17, 1999, paper TD 319, M.I. Fernandez, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Rocket-Triggered Lightning Experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida ", in Proc. of the 1999 Int. Conf. on Lightning and Static Electricity, Toulouse, France, June 22-24, 1999, pp. 469-481, V.A. Rakov.
• "Rocket-Triggered Lightning Experiments at Camp Blanding, Florida", in Proc. of the V Int. Symp. on Lightning Protection (SIPDA V), Sao Paulo, Brazil, May 17-21, 1999, pp. 373-394, V.A. Rakov.
• "Multiple-Station Measurements of Triggered-Lightning Electric and Magnetic Fields", in Proc. of the 11th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity , Guntersville, Alabama, June 7-11, 1999, pp. 154-157, D.E. Crawford, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, G.H. Schnetzer, K.J. Rambo, and M.V. Stapleton.
• "Propagation Characteristics of Return Strokes and M-Components in Florida Rocket-Triggered Lightning", in Proc. of the 11th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity , Guntersville, Alabama, June 7-11, 1999, pp. 99-102, D. Wang, T. Ito, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Lightning Electric and Magnetic Fields", in Proc. of the 13th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, February 16-18, 1999, pp. 561-566, V.A. Rakov.

1998

• "Comparison of Positive and Negative Lightning", 1998 Int. Lightning Detection Conf., Tucson, Arizona, November 17-18, 1998, 19 p., V.A. Rakov.
• "Characteristics of Natural and Triggered Lightning", 1998 Int. Lightning Detection Conf., Tucson, Arizona, 13 p., Uman, M.A., November 17-18, 1998.
• "Lightning and Its Impact on Power Systems", CIGRE Int. Conf. on Insulation Coordination for Electricity Development in Central European Countries, Zagreb, Croatia, September 9-12, 1998, Paper P.34, 44 p., F. de la Rosa, C.A. Nucci, and V.A. Rakov.
• "A Comparison of Channel-Base Currents and Optical Signals for Rocket-Triggered Lightning Strokes", in Proc. of the 53rd Japanese Atmospheric Electricity Conference, Gifu, Japan, July 16-17, 1998, D. Wang, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, G.H. Schnetzer, and R.J. Fisher.
• "Some Optical Characteristics of Branches in Natural-Lightning First Strokes", in Proc. of the 53rd Japanese Atmospheric Electricity Conference, Gifu, Japan, July 16-17, 1998, D. Wang, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, D. Crawford, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "The Lightning Discharge", Moderator's Reports of the 24th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Birmingham, United Kingdom, September 14-18, 1998, 2 p., V.A. Rakov.
• "Transient Currents and Voltages in a Power Distribution System Due to Natural Lightning," in Proc. of the 24th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Birmingham, United Kingdom, September 14-18, 1998, pp. 622-629, M.I. Fernandez, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Review of Triggered-Lightning Experiments Performed on a Power Distribution System at Camp Blanding, Florida, During 1996 and 1997," in Proc. of the 24th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Birmingham, United Kingdom, September 14-18, 1998, pp. 29-35, M.I. Fernandez, K.J. Rambo, M.V. Stapleton, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Attachment Process in Rocket-Triggered Lightning Strokes," in Proc. of the 24th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Birmingham, United Kingdom, September 14-18, 1998, pp. 377-382, D. Wang, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, N. Takagi, T. Watanabe, D. Crawford, K.J. Rambo, G.H. Schnetzer, R.J. Fisher, and Z.-I Kawasaki.
• "The Magnetic Field Environment of Nearby Lightning," in Proc. of the 24th Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Birmingham, United Kingdom, September 14-18, 1998, pp. 346-349, G.H. Schnetzer, R.J. Fisher, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.

1997

• "Characteristics of the Current Pulses in the ICC Stage of Rocket Triggered Lightning" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 18, p. F77, 1997, D. Wang, M.I. Fernandez, K.J. Rambo, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, G.H. Schnetzer, and R.J. Fisher.
• "1997 Multiple-Station Lightning Field Measurements at ICLRT, Camp Blanding, Florida" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 18, p. F81, 1997, D.E. Crawford, G.H. Schnetzer, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, and M.V. Stapleton.
• "An Antenna Theory Model for the Lightning Return Stroke", in Proc. of the 12th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, February 18-20, 1997, pp. 149-152, R. Moini, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and B. Kordi.
• "Comments on the Significance of Retardation Effects in Calculating the Radiated Electromagnetic Fields from an Extending Discharge", in Proc. of the 12th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, February 18-20, 1997, pp. 71-76, R. Thottappillil, M.A. Uman, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning Electromagnetic Fields: Modeling and Measurements", in Proc. of the 12th Int. Zurich Symp. on EMC, Zurich, Switzerland, February 18-20, 1997, pp. 59-64, V.A. Rakov.

1996

• "Characterization of Currents and Electric and Magnetic Fields from Triggered Lightning Experiments of 1995 at Camp Blanding, Florida" (Abstract), 60th Annual Meeting of the Florida Academy of Sciences, Melbourne, Florida, March 29-30, 1996, vol. 59, pp. 27-28, M.I. Fernandez, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Initial Processes in Triggered Lightning" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 12, p. F86, 1996, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, M.I. Fernandez, A. Eybert-Berard, J.P. Berlandis, P.P. Barker, G.H. Schnetzer, and R.J. Fisher.
• "1996 Lightning Experiments at ICLRT, Camp Blanding, Florida" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 12, p. F86, 1996, M.I. Fernandez, K.J. Rambo, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, G.H. Schnetzer, R.J. Fisher, D.M. Jordan, M. Darveniza, R. Moini, C.D. Weidman, G. Diendorfer, and M. Mair.
• "On Use of the So-Called F Factor in Calculating the Electromagnetic Fields Radiated by an Extending Lightning Discharge" (Abstract), 25th General Assembly of URSI, Lille, France, August 28 - September 5, 1996, R. Thottappillil, M.A. Uman, and V.A. Rakov.
• "Lightning Occurrence and Mapping. Moderator's Report", in Proc. of the 23rd Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Florence, Italy, September 23-27, 1996, pp. 141-142, A.E. Pedersen and V.A. Rakov.
• "Observed Electromagnetic Environment Close to the Lightning Channel", in Proc. of the 23rd Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Florence, Italy, September 23-27, 1996, pp. 30-35, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, M.I. Fernandez, R. Thottappillil, A. Eybert-Berard, J.P. Berlandis, F. Rachidi, M. Rubinstein, S. Guerrieri, and C.A. Nucci.
• "Triggered-Lightning Facility for Studying Lightning Effects on Power Systems", in Proc. of the 23rd Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Florence, Italy, September 23-27, 1996, pp. 73-78, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, T.W. Vaught, M.I. Fernandez, R. Bernstein, and C. Golden.
• "Time Domain Expressions for Remote Electric and Magnetic Fields in Terms of the Charge Distribution Along the Lightning Channel", in Proc. of the 23rd Int. Conf. on Lightning Protection, Florence, Italy, September 23-27, 1996, pp. 291-296, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, and M.A. Uman.
• "Modeling of Lightning Processes as Sources of Electromagnetic Fields" (Abstract), in Proc. of the Int. Symp. on Winter Lightning in Hokuriku, Kanazawa, Japan, June 17-18, 1996, pp. 15-16, V.A. Rakov.
• "New Insights into Lightning Processes Gained from Triggered-Lightning Experiments in Florida and Alabama", in Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Osaka, Japan, June 10- 14, 1996, pp. 672-675, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, R. Thottappillil, A. Eybert-Berard, J.P. Berlandis, P. Lalande, A. Bonamy, P. Laroche, A. Bondiou-Clergerie, R.J. Fisher, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "1995 Triggered Lightning Experiment in Florida", in Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Osaka, Japan, June 10-14, 1996, pp. 644-647, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, T.W. Vaught, M.I. Fernandez, J.A. Bach, Y. Su, A. Eybert-Berard, J.P. Berlandis, B. Bador, P. Lalande, A. Bonamy, F. Audran, F. Morillon, P. Laroche, A. Bondiou-Clergerie, S. Chauzy, S. Soula, C.D. Weidman, F. Rachidi, M. Rubinstein, C.A. Nucci, S. Guerrieri, H.K. Hoidalen, and V. Cooray.
• "Connection to Ground of an Artificially Triggered Negative Downward Stepped Leader ", in Proc. of the 10th Int. Conf. on Atmospheric Electricity, Osaka, Japan, June 10-14, 1996, pp. 668-671, P. Lalande, A. Bondiou-Clergerie, P. Laroche, A. Eybert-Berard, J.-P. Berlandis, B. Bador, A. Bonamy, M.A. Uman, and V.A. Rakov.

1995

• "Electric and Magnetic Fields Close to Triggered Lightning from the 1995 Experiment at Camp Blanding, Florida" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 7, p.F129, 1995, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, K.J. Rambo, A. Eybert-Berard, J.P. Berlandis, P. Lalande, and P. Laroche.
• "1995 Triggered Lightning Campaign at Camp Blanding, Florida" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 7, p.F128, 1995, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, K.J. Rambo, T.W. Vaught, M.I. Fernandez, J.A. Bach, Y. Su, A. Eybert-Berard, J.P. Berlandis, B. Bador, P. Lalande, S. Chauzy, S. Soula, C.D. Weidman, F. Rachidi, M. Rubinstein, C.A. Nucci, S. Guerrieri, H.K. Hoidalen, and V. Cooray.
• "Electric Field Pulse Bursts in Cloud-to-Ground Lightning Discharges", in Proceedings of the 11th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, March 7-9, 1995, Zurich, Switzerland, Paper 79M2, published by ETH Zentrum-IKT, Zurich, Switzerland (1995), pp. 417-422, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, G.R. Hoffman, and M. Brook.

1994

• "Mechanism of Lightning M Component" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 1, p.104, 1994, V.A. Rakov, R. Thottappillil, M.A. Uman, and P.P. Barker.
• "Fulgurites Produced by Triggered Lightning" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Nov. 1, p.99, 1994, M.A. Uman, D.J. Cordier, R.M. Chandler, V.A. Rakov, R. Bernstein, and P.P. Barker.
• "On the Duration of Time Intervals Between Lightning Return Strokes", 22nd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), September 19-23, 1994, Budapest, Hungary, Paper 1a-04, published by Technical University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary (1994), 5p., V.A. Rakov and M.A. Uman.
• "Negative Subsequent Strokes: Natural Versus Triggered Lightning", 22nd International Conference on Lightning Protection (ICLP), September 19-23, 1994, Budapest, Hungary, Paper 1c-02, published by Technical University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary (1994), 6p., R.J. Fisher, G.H. Schnetzer, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and J.D. Goldberg.
• "Electric Fields Close to Triggered Lightning", International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility (EMC'94 ROMA), September 13-16, 1994, Rome, Italy, Invited Paper B1, published by Faculty of Engineering - University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy (1994), Vol. I, pp. 33- 37, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, J.A. Versaggi, R. Thottappillil, A. Eybert-Berard, L. Barret, J.-P. Berlandis, B. Bador, P.P. Barker, S.P. Hnat, J.P. Oravsky, T.A. Short, C.A. Warren, and R. Bernstein.
• "Review of Lightning Properties Pertinent to GDS Operations from Simultaneous Electric Fields and TV Measurements", The Lightning Chronicle, March 1994, Published by Atmospheric Research Systems, Inc., GeoMet Data Services, Inc. and Lightning Location and Protection, Inc., 2p., M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, and R. Thottappillil.

1993

• "Multiple-Station Measurements of Close Electric and Magnetic Fields Produced by Triggered Lightning Discharges" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Oct. 26, p.164, 1993, M.A. Uman, V.A. Rakov, R. Thottappillil, J.A. Versaggi, A. Eybert-Berard, L. Barret. P.P. Barker, and S.P. Hnat.
• "Comparison of Return Stroke Parameters in Triggered and Natural Lightning" (Abstract), Eos Trans., AGU, Oct. 26, p.155, 1993, R. Thottappillil, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, J.D. Goldberg, R.J. Fisher, and G.H. Schnetzer.
• "Microsecond-Scale Electric Field Pulses in Cloud Lightning Flashes", in Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Electromagnetic Compatibility, March 9-11, 1993, Zurich, Switzerland, Paper 30F3, published by ETH Zentrum-IKT, Zurich, Switzerland (1993), pp. 149- 154, Y. Villanueva, V.A. Rakov, M.A. Uman, and M. Brook.

Back to Top

Projects

• NASA Space Grant, 2004-2007, $60,000
• Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Rocket-Triggered and Natural Lightning Experiments to Confirm Accuracy of Peak Current Measurement Methodology and to Elucidate Potential Mechanism Causing Indirect High Current Flows Induced by Nearby Lightning, 2004-2007, $105,000
• NSF, Development of the Thunderstorm Energetic Radiation Array (TERA), 2004-2007, $771,123.  
• Department of Navy, Engineering Analysis of Airfield Lighting System Lightning Protection, 2005, $38,000.  
• NSF, Further Studies of the Phenomenology and Physics of the Lightning Discharge, 2004-2009, $1,125,000.  
• NSF,  Continued Study of Various Properties of Natural and Triggered Lightning Discharges 2/10/01-1/31/04, $557,443.  
• Lightning Safety Alliance Corporation, Triggered-Lightning Testing of the Performance of Grounding Systems in Florida Sandy Soil, 2004-2005, $80,000.  
• University of California/Los Alamos, Rocket Triggered Lightning Experiment University of Florida, 2004-2006, $70,000.  
• Federal Aviation Administration, Lightning Protection Standards for Aircraft, 6/15/99 - 2004, $525,058.
• Florida Power and Light, Florida Power and Light R&D Project at Camp Blanding, 5/11/99 - 2004, $1,014,000.
• Florida Gas Transmission, Triggered Lightning Testing of a Section of Florida Gas Transmission Pipeline and Pipeline Connectors, 7/01/01 - 11/30/01, $20,000.
• Department of Community Affairs, Protection of Residential Buildings, 2/12/99- 6/11/01, $50,000.
• NSF, Study of Various Properties of Natural and Triggered Lightning Discharges, 1995-2004, $1,112,313.
• Sandia, Triggered Lightning Test KOMO42296 Continued, 5/21/97-2/15/01, $325,000.
• NASA, Continued Testing of the Galileo Lightning and Radio Emission Detector, 8/1/90 - 3/31/00, $285,716.
• Florida Dept of Transportation, Basic Research on the Damage Mechanisms to an Airport Lighting System Due to Lightning, 1996-1999, $110,000.
• Georgia Power Co, Testing of MOV Arresters, 9/25/97 - 12/25/98, $12,000.
• EPRI, Testing of Distribution Arresters Using Triggered Lightning at Camp Blanding, 97-98, $140,000.
• EPRI, Rocket Triggered Lightning Research for Duquesne Light Company, 1995-1998, $51,200.
• Sandia, 1997 Triggered Lightning Test KOMO42296, 1996-1997, $86,745.
• EPRI, Continued Triggered-Lightning Experiments on the 1996-97 Test Power Distribution System at Camp Blanding, 1996, $168,000.
• EPRI, Performance of Storm Test No. 7, 1995-1996, $20,000.
• Florida Space Grant Consortium, Relationship Between Lightning and Rainfall, 1994-1995, $5,000.
• Florida Space Grant Consortium, Testing of the Galileo Lightning and Radio Emission Detector on Earth Lightning, 1994-1995, $5,000.
• NSF, Lightning Return Stroke Modeling from Very-Close Field Measurements and the Modeling of Lightning-Induced Voltages on Horizontal Wires, U. S. - Switzerland Cooperative Program, 1992-1994, $13,500.
• Florida Space Grant Consortium, Testing of the Galileo Lightning and Radio Emission Detector, 1992-1993, $4,000.

Back to Top

Contact Information

 

Back to Top